Iyo yekuchengetera mutengo manejimendi inoreva bhizinesi riri mukuchengetedza manejimendi yechero nzira dzinodiwa dzekuchengetedza kutora nzira dzekudzora, chinangwa chemutengo wakaderera wekuchengetedza kuwana iyo yakafanotsanangurwa yekuchengetedza mhando uye huwandu hwekuchengetedza, kusanganisira zvese kuedza kudzikisa mutengo wekuchengetedza.
1. Nheyo dzekutarisira mutengo wedura
Nheyo yehupfumi
Kuchengetedza ndiko kuchengetedza kwevanhu, zvinhu uye mari.Ndiwo musimboti wekuvandudza hupfumi hwehupfumi, chinodiwa chekuita zvinoenderana nemitemo yehupfumi ine chinangwa, uye zvakare musimboti wekutanga wekudzora mutengo.Pasi pekutungamirwa kweiyo musimboti, tinofanira kumisa pfungwa nyowani yekuchengetera mutengo wekuchengetedza: inofanirwa. kwete chete kurambidzwa kwakashata uye kutarisa, asi kunofanira kuva hutungamiri hunoshanda uye kupindira.
Kare, manejimendi emitengo, pakutanga aingosimbisa kuongororwa uye kuongorora mushure mechiitiko, ainyanya kutarisisa pakuita kwakasimba kweiyo mutengo siyana uye mitemo nemirairo, izvo chaizvo ndezvechimiro che "kugadziridza kunonoka" kudzora kwekudzivirira. ; Gare gare, yakagadziridzwa kuti itarise pane zvemazuva ese mutengo wekutonga.Pazvakazoonekwa kuti zvanga zviri kunze kwezviyero kana bhajeti, zvakabva zvadzokera kumadhipatimendi akakodzera kuti apindire kana kugadzirisa, kugadzirisa zvikanganiso uye kubatanidza zvakabudirira, izvo zvaive zvakanyanya kudzora mhinduro. musimboti wekuchengetedza zvakadzika mune ramangwana, tarisiro yekudzora mutengo inofanirwa kuendeswa kune yekutonga mutengo usati waitika, ita fungidziro yakanaka yehupfumi, kubata zvizere kugona kwemukati kwekuchengetedza kwemabhizinesi ekuchengetera, uye ita maverengero akangwarira kwese kwese, uye shanda nesimba mukati. kuwedzera kaviri uye kaviri chikamu.Nenzira iyi chete, kurasikirwa uye marara zvinogona kubviswa pachine nguva, kuitira kuti "nip in the bud" uye zvinobudirira kutamba basa rekudyisa-mberi kutonga.
Nheyo yekunzwisisa
Kuita iyo musimboti wekunzwisisa mukuchengetedza mutengo wekuchengetedza zvakanyanya kune zvinotevera zvirevo zviviri.
①.Full cost management
Mutengo indekisi yehupfumi yakazara uye yakasimba, iyo inosanganisira madhipatimendi ese ebhizinesi uye kushanda chaiko kwevashandi vese. Kana tichida kudzikisa mutengo nekuvandudza mabhenefiti, tinofanira kuunganidza zvakazara kutanga uye kufarira kwedhipatimendi rega rega nemushandi wega wega. kuterera kudzora mutengo. Unganidza veruzhinji kuti vatore chikamu mukutonga kwemitengo, hongu, hakusi kudzima kana kunetesa mutengo wekutungamira wemasangano ehunyanzvi nevashandi vehunyanzvi, asi muhunyanzvi, pahwaro hwekutarisira mutengo, zvinoda. zvose, zvinhu zvose, nguva yose inofanira kuitwa maererano nechiyero chehuwandu kana bhajeti yekugadzirisa mari, chete nenzira iyi, kuvhara mapeji kubva kune zvakasiyana-siyana, kugumisa kuparadza.
② Maitiro ese ekugadzirisa mutengo
Munzanga yemazuva ano, tinofanira kupa kutamba kwakazara kune basa rakabatanidzwa rekugadzirisa zvinhu, uye kusimbisa hutungamiri hwemari mukuchengetedza uye zvimwe zvinongedzo.Nemamwe mazwi, chiyero chekugadzirisa mari chinofanira kufamba kuburikidza nehurongwa hwose hwekugadzirisa mari. yakaratidza kuti chete kana mutengo wehupenyu hwechigadzirwa uchidzorwa zvinobudirira mutengo unogona kudzikiswa zvakanyanya, uye kubva pakuona kwenharaunda yese, ipapo chete ndipo panogona kuwanikwa mari chaiyo yekuchengetedza.
Nheyo yekubatanidza mutoro, simba uye zvido
Kuti tiite kuti manejimendi emitengo yekuchengetera inyatsoshanda, isu tinofanirwa kunyatso kutevedzera zvinodiwa zvehupfumi uye kuita musimboti wekubatanidza mutoro, kodzero uye kubatsirwa. mutoro uye simba renhengo yega yega kudzora mutengo wemutoro.Zviri pachena, kana chikwata chine mutoro chisina simba iri, hapana chekutonga.Semuyenzaniso, nzvimbo ipi neipi yemutoro inoisa mimwe mipimo kana mabhajeti.Kana vachidiwa kuti vazadzise basa rekugadzirisa mutengo, vanofanira kupiwa simba rekusarudza kana imwe mari inogona kushandiswa mukati mechikamu chakatarwa. kuitira kuunganidza zvizere danho uye kufarira kweimwe neimwe mutengo wenzvimbo mukudzora mutengo, zvinodikanwa kugara uchiongorora uye kuongorora maitiro avo chaiwo, uye zvakanyatsobatanidzwa nehupfumi hwevashandi pachavo, kuitira kuti mibairo nezvirango zvive pachena.
Nheyo dzekutungamira nezvinangwa
Kutungamira nezvinangwa, izvo zvakatanga kuve muUnited States kuma1950s, zvinoreva manejimendi ebhizinesi achitora zvibodzwa zvakamiswa sehwaro hwekutonga kwevanhu, zviwanikwa, zviwanikwa zvemari uye zvakakosha zviratidzo zvehupfumi. zvemukati mekutonga nezvinangwa, zvinofanirwa kunge zvichibva pamutengo unotarwa, semupimo wezviitwa zvehupfumi zvebhizinesi kudzikamisa uye kutungamira, uye kuedza kuita nemari shoma yekushandisa, kuwana zvakanakisa zvehupfumi nemagariro. sechinangwa chekuyedza kuwana mutengo, wobva waisa mutengo wakatarwa unofanirwa kuenderana nemamiriro ezvinhu ebhizinesi iri, senge mamiriro emidziyo aripo, kugona kwebhizinesi uye hunyanzvi nhanho, ruzivo rwemutengo wenhoroondo, nezvimwewo), vanodawo funga nezvemamiriro ekunze ebhizinesi (senge iyo yenyika mari mutemo, musika wekupa uye kudiwa mamiriro, mune imwechete indasitiri kumba nekune dzimwe nyika iyo yakafanana mhando yedhipatimendi ruzivo rwemutengo, nezvimwewo), uyezve nekushandisa yakasarudzika nzira yekutarisira mutengo. uye zano, iyo yakanyanya kutariswa mutengo.
Nheyo yekusarudzika manejimendi
"Exceptional management" inzira yakakosha inoshandiswa mukutonga kwezuva nezuva kwekushanda kwebhizinesi uye manejimendi munyika dzekumadokero, kunyanya mukutonga kwezuva nezuva kwezviratidziro zvemutengo.
Kudzora mari yezuva nezuva kunonyanya kuburikidza nekuongorora uye tsvakurudzo yekusiyana kwemitengo yakasiyana, kuitira kuti uwane matambudziko, kuchera zvingaita zvekuderedza mari, uye kuisa mberi matanho chaiwo ekuvandudza basa kana kugadzirisa kukanganisa.Zvisinei, chaizvoizvo, kusiyana kwemari yezuva nezuva bhizinesi rega rega rekugadzira zvinhu rinowanzo kuomesesa uye rakawandisa kuti ritarise.Kuitira kuvandudza kugona kwemutengo wekutonga, mamaneja havafanirwe kuisa simba ravo uye nguva yakapararira mukusiyana kwese kwemitengo, kushandiswa kweavhareji simba; Pane kudaro, isu tinofanirwa kuratidza pfungwa dzinokosha. tonangidzira ngwariro yedu pamisiyano mikuru iyo isiri yenguva dzose uye isingaenderani nemuitiro.Tinofanira kuvatsvaga kune zvikonzero, kutsvaga zvikonzero zvekusiyana, uye mhinduro nenguva kune iyo yakakodzera mutengo mutoro centre, kuitira kuti tikurumidze kutora matanho anobudirira ekuzvibata zvakanaka, uye kusiya vamwe. izvo zviri kunze kwemaitiro uye kunze kwechinyakare zvinodaidzwa kusara.
2. Basa rekuchengetedza mari yekuchengetedza
Warehouse cost management ndeyekushandisa nzira ine mari yakawanda yekuona basa rekuchengetedza, ndiko kuti, pasi pemamiriro ekuona kuti basa rekuchengetedza razadzikiswa, nzira yekudzikisa mari yacho sezvinobvira.Basa rekuchengetedza mutengo wekuchengetedza nderekuitisa. Ongororo yehupfumi pamusoro pekushanda kwemabhizinesi, nzwisisa mamiriro ehupfumi mukuita kwekugadzirisa zvinhu, kuitira kuti ugadzire mabhenefiti makuru ekugadzirisa zvinhu nemutengo wakaderera wezvinhu. mutengo wekutakura wepamusoro uye wakaderera une simba guru, bhizinesi Logistics system panguva imwe chete inochengetedza mazinga eiyo bhizinesi rekugadzira kana danho rebasa revatengi rinoita basa rakakosha, manejimendi ekuchengetedza mutengo anofanirwa kunge aripo kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti sevhisi sevhisi. chinodiwa.
Zviri mukati me warehouse cost management
Izvo zvakakosha zvekuchengetedza mutengo wekuchengetedza kudzikisa mari zvakanyanya sezvinobvira pasi pechigadziro chekuve nechokwadi chekuzadzikiswa kwebasa rekuchengetedza.Iri idambudziko rekupinza-kubuda kwehukama, uye zvakare dambudziko rinonzwisisika rekutsvaga kuchengetedza mari yekuisa.
"Inverse pundutso" mutemo wepasirese wepasi rose mumabasa ekugadzirisa zvinhu. Hazvirambike, kuchengetedza, sechinhu chinodiwa, kunotemerwa nehunhu hwayo, uye kazhinji ine tsika yekudzikisa mabhenefiti eiyo Logistics system uye kuipa kwekushanda kweiyo Logistics system. , saka ine "yakaipa" mugumisiro pamabasa emagariro evanhu uye ehupfumi.Ichi chiitiko chinonyanya kukonzerwa nekuchengetedza kusina musoro uye kuchinja kwehutano uye kurasikirwa kwekukosha kwezvinhu zvakachengetwa panguva yekuchengetedza.
Kuchengetedza kusinganzwisisike kunonyanya kuratidzwa muzvikamu zviviri: imwe inyanzvi yekuchengetedza tekinoroji;Chechipiri, manejimendi ekuchengetedza, kurongeka hakuna musoro.Kuratidzwa kwayo ndekunotevera:
①.Nguva yekuchengeta yakarebesa;
②.Huwandu hwekuchengetedza hwakakurisa;
③.Huwandu hwekuchengetedza hwakaderera;
Kusakwana kana kuwandisa kuchengetedza mamiriro;
⑤.Kusaenzana kwechimiro chekuchengetedza.
Kuchinja kwehutano kunogona kuitika panguva yekuchengetedza kunonyanya kukonzerwa nekuchengetedza nguva, nzvimbo, kushanda uye zvimwe zvinhu.Chimiro chekuchinja kwehutano kunonyanya kusanganisira kuchinja kwemuviri uye mechanical (chimiro chekuvapo kwemuviri, kuputika, kunhuwa, kukanganisa, deformation, nezvimwewo), kemikari. shanduko (kuora uye hydrolysis, hydration, corrosion, kuchembera, musanganiswa, polymerization, nezvimwewo), shanduko yebiochemical, akasiyana biological invasion (makonzo, tupukanana, masvosve), nezvimwe.
Zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana panguva yekuchengetera zvinogonawo kuitika kurasikirwa kwekukosha, sekurasikirwa nehusimbe, kurasikirwa kwekukosha kwenguva, mari yekuchengetedza yakawandisa, nezvimwe.
Iko shanduko yemhando uye kurasikirwa kwekukosha kweaya asina musoro ekuchengetedza uye zvakachengetwa zvinhu panguva yekuchengetera zvinozotungamira mukuwedzera kwemutengo wekuchengetedza, kuitira kuti mamaneja emabhizinesi anofanirwa kusimbisa maneja ekuchengetedza mutengo kubva kune ese maficha.
4.Kukosha kwekuchengetedza mari yekuchengetedza
Sechikamu chekutonga kwemitengo yezvinhu, kuchengetedza mutengo manejimendi mumunda wezvigadzirwa zvakare ine nzvimbo yakafara yekudzikisa mutengo, saka, kugadzirisa mutengo manejimendi ekugadzirisa matambudziko akakonzera maneja maneja ebhizinesi anowanzo kutarisisa.
Warehouse cost management chikamu chakakosha che Logistics cost management
Kudzikisira mutengo wekuchengetera zvinhu uye kuvandudza dhizaini sevhisi inoumba nyaya inonyanya kukosha yebhizinesi rekuchengetedza manejimendi. Kuchengetedza mutengo manejimendi yezvinoreva ndeiyi: kuburikidza nekubata kwakanaka kwemitengo yekuchengetera, kushandiswa kweimba yekuchengetera uye zvinhu zvinobatsira hukama hweantinomy pakati pechimwe nechimwe chinhu, sainzi uye zvine musoro sangano rekuchengetedza. mabasa, kusimbisa mabasa ekuchengetera zvinhu mukuita kwekutonga kunoshanda kwemitengo, kuderedza zviitiko zvekuchengetedza mukushandiswa kwevashandi venyama uye kurarama, kudzikisa mutengo wakakwana wekuchengetedza, kuvandudza hupfumi hwemabhizinesi uye magariro zvinangwa.
Deredza njodzi yezvinyorwa kuburikidza nekudzora kwekuchengetedza
Pamusoro pekusangana kwekunze kwemunda wemidziyo mikuru, zvivakwa, mazhinji echigadzirwa chakazara kugadzirwa zvachose hapana hesitori yakaoma kwazvo kuzadzisa zvinangwa zvedu, kugadzirwa kwese kwekutengesa kwezvinhu zvakasvibirira kunofanirwa kunge kuri kwakaringana kwekuchengetedza stock, izvi ndizvo. kuvimbisa kugadzirwa kwakasimba uye nzira yakakosha yekusimudzira kutengesa, uye kukuvadzwa kunopesana nezvinokasira zvekugadzirisa matanho akakosha ekukurumidzira, senge traffic jam, force majeure, tsaona, nezvimwewo. ichabudisa kurasikirwa, tsvina uye dzimwe njodzi.Kuderedza ngozi kunowanikwa kuburikidza nekugadzirisa zvinhu.Inventory control inowanzobatanidza inventory control, warehouse marongero, replenishment control, dhirivhari kuronga, etc.Kushandisa inventory control kuderedza mutengo ndechimwe chezvinhu zvakakosha zviri mukati me Logistics management.
Warehousing zviitiko zvinobatsira kudzikisa mutengo weiyo system
System Logistics cost allocation mune chaiyo process yekushanda, yakakamurwa kuita storage cost, transport cost, operation cost, risk cost.Warehousing cost haisi chikamu chakakosha che Logistics cost, asiwo chikamu chakakosha che Logistics cost management.The control and kuderedzwa kwemari yekuchengetera zvinhu kunogona kuderedza zvakananga mutengo wekutakura zvinhu.Kusanganiswa kwezvigadzirwa mukuchengetedza, stowing yakakodzera, kutenderera kurongedza, boka uye kumwe kutenderera kufambiswa ndiko kuvandudza kugona kwekurodha nekuburitsa, kushandisa zvizere nzira dzekufambisa, kuitira kuti kuderedza mari yekufambisa.Kuchengetedza kwakanaka uye kwakarurama kunoderedza kuchinja kwezvinhu, kuyerera, kuderedza nhamba yekushanda;Kushandiswa kwemichina uye automation warehousing operations, kunobatsira kuderedza mari yekushanda.Kuchengetedza kwakanaka kwekuchengetedza kunogona kushandisa kuchengetedza kwakanaka. uye kuchengetedza kwezvinhu, kutonga kwehuwandu hwakarurama, kunoderedza zvikuru njodzi uye mari.
Shandisa Logistics kukosha-akawedzera masevhisi kuburikidza warehous mabasa
Yakanakisa Logistics manejimendi haingodi chete kusangana nekutengesa kwechigadzirwa, kuderedza mutengo wezvigadzirwa, asi zvakare inofanirwa kuita kukosha-kwekuwedzera masevhisi ekuvandudza mari yekutengeswa kwechigadzirwa.Kukosha kwekutengesa kwechigadzirwa kunonyanya kubva mukuvandudzika kwemhando yechigadzirwa, kuwedzera kwemabasa. , kukosha kwenguva yenguva, kukosha kwemusika kwekukwira uye kuenzana kwemipata, uye kukosha-kwakawedzerwa kwemabasa evanhu.Many value-added logistics services inoitwa muhutano hwekuchengetedza.Kuburikidza nekutenderera kwekugadzirisa, mhando yechigadzirwa inovandudzwa, basa rinoshandurwa, uye kugadzirisa kwechigadzirwa kunoitwa.Kuburikidza nekudzora nguva kwekuchengetedza, mutinhimira wekugadzira uye rhythm yekushandisa inowiriraniswa, uye kukosha kwenguva yekushandisa kwe Logistics manejimendi inoonekwa.Kuburikidza nekubatanidzwa kwezvinhu zvekuchengetedza, ita masevhisi emunhu ekushandisa.
Kuenzanisa basa rekutenderera mari kuburikidza nekuchengetedza mabasa
Raw zvinhu, zvigadzirwa, zvakapedzwa zvigadzirwa zvemaindasitiri emabhizinesi, uye zvigadzirwa zvemabhizinesi ekutengesa ndizvo zvinonyanya kugara mumari yekushandisa.Inventory control ndeye kutonga kwemari yekushanda, uye kudzora inventory ndiyo yakaringana chiyero chekugara kwese kwese kwekushanda kwemari yemabhizinesi.Nekuti, nekuwedzera huwandu hwehurongwa hunogona kuderedza mutengo weodha uye mutengo wekufambisa, kuchengetedza kumwe kubereka uye zvigadzirwa. ichaderedza huwandu hwekuchinjana kwekugadzira, kuvandudza kushanda zvakanaka, kuchengetedza uye Logistics mutengo manejimendi ndeye kutsvaga yakanakisa match pakati pezviviri izvi, kuitira kuti uwane chinangwa chekudzikisa iyo logistics capital.
Kunobva: Shelf Indasitiri Network
Nguva yekutumira: Jan-25-2021